water resources

Clean and renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished and have minimal environmental impact. These include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy, which provide sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Unlike conventional energy sources, renewables reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and help combat climate change. Advancements in technology and policy […]

Water harvesting is the process of collecting, storing, and conserving rainwater for later use, rather than allowing it to run off. This presentation focuses on water harvesting in Erbil. Water harvesting in Erbil is vital for addressing water shortages caused by climate change and overuse. By capturing and storing rainwater, it supports agriculture, replenishes groundwater,

in kirkuk province Dibis Dam is vulnerable to losing its reservoir capacity due to accumulation of sediments. The estimated year for this occurrence was found through scientific equations due to Vegetation growth in sediment deposits further restricts water flow. Without dredging operations, the reservoir would have reached full sedimentation by 2025 instead of 2065 suggested

Tritium (3H) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that occurs naturally and can also be produced through human activities, such as nuclear reactions and atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. In drinking water, tritium is typically found in the form of tritiated water (HTO), where one or both hydrogen atoms in an H₂O molecule are replaced

The consumption of drinking water in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) surpasses international standards, with a daily production of 300 to 350 liters per person. Future challenges include climate change impacting rainfall patterns and temperature, increasing vulnerability to drought and environmental challenges, increasing water scarcity by region, population growth and urbanization, and competition for

Sediment yield can be defined as the amount of sediment reaching or passing a point of interest in a given period of time. It is estimated in tons per year or MCM per year or mm per year. However, sediment yield from a catchment is estimated as the annual average sediment yield computed from long-term historical

Water reuse is gaining momentum as a reliable freshwater source, shifting wastewater management from disposal to reuse and resource recovery. Effective management practices, technological innovation, and regulatory policies offer opportunities for water reuse. Reuse benefits include environmental protection, water scarcity, energy efficiency, and sustainability. The new framework for reuse includes water quality standards and the

Water conservation is about more than buying new gadgets, it’s about changing your habits. Obviously, if only 1% of clean on earth is drinkable and the population continues to grow, we have to reduce the consumption of clean water or find ways to reuse water. Presented by/ Dr. Jehan Mohammed Fattah

This presentation highlights the critical role of water in community, focusing on its importance for public health, the economy, and environmental balance. It discusses global and regional water challenges—such as scarcity, pollution, and climate change—then explores sustainable management strategies, including conservation, infrastructure investment, and technological advancements. Special attention is given to Iraq’s water crisis, emphasizing

Infrastructure is a fundamental pillar of effective water resource management, ensuring the availability, quality, and sustainability of water systems. Traditional approaches often focus on isolated solutions, while Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) emphasizes smart, decentralized, and nature-based infrastructure to enhance resilience against water scarcity and environmental challenges. Key components such as efficient water distribution, wastewater