water resources

Water Resources Department Presenter:Shuwan Jawdat Barzanjy. Kurdistan is situated in a highly seismic area, formed by theinteraction of the Arabian, Eurasian, and Anatolian tectonic plates.The ongoing collision of these plates creates significant geological features, such as the Zagros and Taurus mountains, and makes the region prone to powerful earthquakes, particularly along the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt […]

Water resources departmentBinahi M.Amin Said AliDate:28/4/2026Rainwater Harvesting Water is our most valuable natural resource, yet freshwater supplies are increasingly limited due to population growth, climate change, and overuse.Rainwater harvesting is a sustainable and sanitary method of collecting and storing rainwater for later use. It reduces dependence on groundwater and municipal water systems, helping to conserve

Water resources departmentPresenter:Dr Abdulwahid Ali qasm Artificial recharge is the process of spreading or impounding water on the land to increase the infiltration through the soil and percolation to the aquifer or of injecting water by wells directly into the aquifer. Surface infiltration systems can be used to recharge unconfined aquifers only. Confined aquifers can

Water resources department Cement manufacture, which includes limestone calcination and fuel burning, is a major source ofworldwide carbon dioxide emissions. Injecting CO₂ into fresh concrete is an innovative way tolower the carbon footprint of construction materials. During the mixing step, a little amount ofcarbon dioxide is added. The injected CO₂ interacts with calcium ions, forming

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the ability of computer systems to mimic human intelligence and also to the development of such systems.Expert Systems use rules and logic to anticipate a wide range of possible scenarios.Machine Learning uses probability and statistics to recognize patterns and generalize.Neural Networks are computing systems modeled like the neural connections in

The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a statistical tool used to monitor and assess drought conditions based solely on precipitation data. It measures how rainfall over a specific period deviates from the long-term average and expresses it in standard deviation units. Positive values indicate wet conditions, while negative values indicate drought, with different categories representing

Water resources departmentSeminarPresenter:lecturer:Yaseen Wsu AzizDate:17/2/2026.

Presenter:Dr.Abdulwahid Ali qasmWater resources departmentDate 11/2/2026 Hydrological Response Unit (HRUs)is a fundamental, homogeneous unit used in watershed modeling, created by overlaying maps of land use, soil type, and land slope. HRUs represent areas expected to behave similarly in response to weather events, enabling the simulation of water, sediment, and nutrient loading, particularly in tools like

Overview: Soil infiltration refers to the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil. It is a crucial aspect of the hydrological cycle, affecting groundwater recharge, surface runoff, and urban planning.Geographical and Geological Context of Erbil City:Location: Erbil is situated in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.Topography: The city is characterized by a